Autodrownage
Categories: BRONCHOSCOPY IN DISEASES OF THE TRACHEA AND BRONCHISources: A Manual Of Peroral Endoscopy And Laryngeal Surgery
Autodrownage is the name given by the author to the
drowning of the patient in his own secretions. Tracheobronchial
secretions in excess of the amount required to moisten the inspired
air, become, in certain cases, a mechanical menace to life, unless
removed. The cough reflex, forced expiration, and ciliary action,
normally remove the excess. When these mechanisms are impaired, as in
profound asthenia, laryngeal paraly
stenosis, etc.; and especially when in addition to a mild degree of
glottic stenosis or impaired laryngeal mobility, the secretions become
excessive, the accumulation may literally drown the patient in his own
secretions. This is illustrated frequently in influenza and arachidic
bronchitis. Infants cannot expectorate, and their cough reflex is
exceedingly ineffective in raising secretion to the pharynx;
furthermore they are easily exhausted by bechic efforts; so that age
may be cited as one of the most frequent etiologic factors in the
condition of autodrownage. Bronchoscopic sponge-pumping (q.v.) and
bronchoscopic aspiration are quite efficient and can save any patient
not afflicted with conditions that are fatal by other pathologic
processes.
More
-
Anomalies Of The Esophagus
Congenital esophagotracheal fistulae are the most frequent of the embryonic developmental errors of this organ. Septic pneumonia from the entrance of fluids into the lungs usually causes death within a few weeks. Imperforate esophagus usually sho... Anomalies Of The Tracheobronchial Tree
Tracheobronchial anomalies are relatively rare. Congenital esophagotracheal and esophagobronchial fistulae are occasionally seen, and cases of cervicotracheal fistulae have been reported. Congenital webs and diverticula of the trachea are cited inf... Aortic Insufficiency Aortic Regurgitation
This lesion, though not so common as the mitral lesion, is of not infrequent occurrence in children and young adults as a sequence of acute rheumatic endocarditis. If it occurs later in life it generally is associated with aortic narrowing, and is a... Aortic Stenosis
Aortic narrowing or stenosis is a frequent occurrence in the aged and in arteriosclerosis when the aorta is involved. It is not a frequent single lesion in the young. If it occurs in children or young adults, it is likely to be combined with aortic ... Aortic Stenosis Aortic Obstruction
Valvular disease at the aortic orifice is much less common than at the mitral orifice, and while stenosis or obstruction is less common from rheumatism or acute inflammatory endocarditis than is insufficiency of this valve, a narrowing or at least t... Aphonia Loss Of Voice
This affection requires treatment variously, as it depends on one or another procuring cause. If it be the result of recent "cold," inducing acute catarrhal irritation in the larynx, treat first as for common cold, and close the sitting as follow... Aphorisms
Educate your eye and your fingers. Be sure you are right, but not too sure. Follow your judgment, never your impulse. Cry over spilled milk enough to memorize how you spilled it. Let your mistakes worry you enough to prevent repetition. ... Apthae - Thrush
This is a disease peculiar to nursing children. The mouth becomes sore, and the tongue, lips, and fauces are covered with a white crust, looking like milk curds, which, when removed, leaves the surface red, inflamed and very tender. It sooner or lat... Arsenicum
acts favorably on cancers, and is a specific when applied to the surface of _carbuncle_. ... Arthritis
Some years back my 70 years old mother came from the family homestead in the wilds of northern British Columbia to visit me at the Great Oaks School. She had gotten into pathetic physical condition. Fifteen years previously she had remarried. Tom, h... Artistic Considerations
ALTHOUGH so much time and care are given to the various means of artistic expression, it is a singular fact that comparatively little attention is given to the use of the very first instrument which should be under command before any seconda... Asepsis
Strict aseptic technic must be observed in all endoscopic procedures. The operator, first assistant, and instrument nurse must use the same precautions as to hand sterilization and sterile gowns as would be exercised in any surgical operation. The o... Asiatic Cholera
I was practicing in Cincinnati during the prevalence of Cholera in the years 1849, and 1850, and in Northern Ohio in 1854, and had abundant opportunity to observe and treat it. The disease generally begins with a diarrhoea, which may continue for se... Asphyxia Suspended Animation
Use B D current, pretty strong force. Place P. P. at back of neck--second or third cervical vertebra, and treat with N. P., over all the chest and along the lower margin of the ribs, so as to excite the pectoral muscles, lungs and diaphragm. ... Aspirating Tubes
Independent aspirating tubes involve delay in their use as compared to aspirating canals in the wall of the endoscopic tube; but there are special cases in which an independent tube is invaluable. Three forms are used by the author. The velvet eye ... Asthma
Use the A D current, medium force. Treat with P. P. over the shoulders and between the scapulae, and with N. P. in front upon the lungs, heart and diaphragm. Treat five to ten minutes, daily, for three or four days; after that, three times a week. ... Asthma
If an attack comes on from sudden cold, take _Aconite_ and _Ipecac_ every hour for a day, and if any symptoms remain, in place of the Aconite use _Copaiva_, _Arsenicum_ and _Phos. Acid_ with the _Ipecac_, giving them in rotation, a dose every hour. ... Auricular Fibrillation Auricular Flutter
Auricular fibrillation is at times apparently a clinical entity much as is angina pectoris, but it is often a symptom of some other condition. At times auricular fibrillation is only a passing symptom, and is rapidly cured by treatment. A real auric... Auricular Fibrillation Diagnosis
If the pulse is intermittent and there is apparently a heart block. Stokes-Adams disease should be considered as possibly present, and digitalis would be contraindicated and would do harm. A scientific indication as to whether a heart is disturbed... Auricular Fibrillation Occurrence
This condition of auricular fibrillation occurs occasionally in valvular disease, and perhaps most frequently in mitral stenosis; but it can occur without valvular lesions, and with any valvular lesion. If it occurs in younger patients, valvular dis... Auricular Fibrillation Pathology
Schoenberg [Footnote: Schoenberg: Frankfurt. Ztschr. f. Pathol., 1909, ii, 4.] finds that in auricular fibrillation there are definite signs in the node, such as round cell infiltration, showing inflammation, a fibrosis of the tissue, and perhaps a ... Auricular Fibrillation Prognosis
The prognosis depends on the condition of the myocardium of the vagus. If this muscle is intact, and there is no pathologic condition in the sinus node (which can be proved by the successful results of treatment), the removal of all toxins that coul... Auricular Fibrillation Treatment
The condition may be stopped by relieving the heart and circulation of all possible toxins and irritants, and by the administration of digitalis. One attack is frequently followed by others, perhaps of longer duration. Occasionally, however, the pat... Autodrownage
Autodrownage is the name given by the author to the drowning of the patient in his own secretions. Tracheobronchial secretions in excess of the amount required to moisten the inspired air, become, in certain cases, a mechanical menace to life, unles... Ballooning Esophagoscopy
By inserting the window plug shown in Fig. 6 the esophagus may be inflated and studied in the distended state. The folds are thus smoothed out and constrictions rendered more marked. Ether anesthesia is advocated by Mosher. The danger of respirator... Balsamo
One of the most notorious charlatans of the eighteenth century was Giuseppe Balsamo, who was born at Palermo, Sicily, June 2, 1743. Though of humble origin, this arch-impostor assumed the title of Count Alessandro di Cagliostro, and styled himself G... Bathing
The surface of the body should be kept clean, as far as possible, and to this end, in summer, should be well bathed at least once a day. In winter, though useful, it is not so indispensable; still no one should neglect the bath more than a week, and... Baths
During rheumatism the peripheral blood vessels are generally dilated and the skin perspires profusely. This is caused not only by the rheumatism, but also by the salicylates. The surface of the body should be sponged with cold, lukewarm or hot water... Baths And Bathing
Bathing as a Means of Cleanliness. It has been said that one of the reasons why man lost his hairy coat was that he might be able to wash himself better and keep cleaner. However this may be, he has to wash a great deal oftener than other animals, m... Batteries
The simplest, best, and safest source of current is a double dry battery arranged in three groups of two cells each, connected in series (Fig. 8). Each set should have two binding posts and a rheostat. The binding posts should have double holes for ... Before Perspiration Comes On There Is A Little More Excitement For
a few minutes (41), which must not induce the friends of the patient to take him out of the pack; only when it continues to increase, instead of the perspiration breaking out and relieving the patient, it will be necessary to change the sheet, another... Belladonna
has great power as a local remedy in _Erysipelas_, to be applied with water in proportion of ten drops of the _tr._ to a gill of warm water. It is also of much value applied to the surface of inflamed breasts; also injected when there is inflammatio... Belladonna
The remedy which has attracted and still attracts in a very high degree the attention of physicians and parents, is _Belladonna_. This remedy was first introduced as a specific and prophylactic by Hahnemann, and soon recommended not only by his own ... Benign Growths In The Larynx
Benign growths in the larynx are easily and accurately removable by direct laryngoscopy; but perhaps no method has been more often misused and followed by most unfortunate results. It should always be remembered that benign growths are benign, and t... Benign Growths Primary In The Tracheobronchial Tree
Extension of papillomata from the larynx into the cervical trachea, especially about the tracheotomy wound, is of relatively common occurrence. True primary growths of the tracheobronchial tree, though not frequent, are by no means rare. These prima... Benign Neoplasms Of The Esophagus
As a result of prolonged inflammation edematous polypi and granulomata are not infrequently seen, but true benign tumors of the esophagus are rare affections. Keloidal changes in scar tissue may occur. Cases of retention, epithelial and dermoid cyst... Beverages
The Popularity of Beverages. For some curious reason, the habit has grown up of taking a large part of the six glasses of water that we require daily in the form of mixtures known as beverages. These beverages are always much more expensive than p... Biliary Calculi Gravel In Liver
Take A C current, strong as can be borne; and treat the inflamed and painful part with P. P., while N. P. is upon the right end of the duodenum. Treat eight to ten minutes, daily. ... Bilious Colic
This disease, in addition to the symptoms of cutting, cramping pains in the bowels, as in common colic, has great distress in the stomach, with nausea and vomiting, the bowels being costive, the feet and hands cold, sometimes cold sweats occur. Ther... Bilious Fever
This fever may be either intermittent, remitting, or continued, and typhoid. It is distinguished from common intermittent, by the great derangement of the stomach, as nausea and vomiting of bilious matter, yellow coated tongue, bitter taste in the m... Bite Of The Rattlesnake
is _Alcohol_, in the ordinary form, or in common Whisky, Brandy, Rum or Gin. Let the patient drink it freely, a gill or more at a time, once in fifteen to twenty minutes, until some symptoms of intoxication are experienced, then cease using it. The ... Blood Pressure
The study of the blood pressure has become a subject of great importance in the practice of medicine and surgery. No condition can be properly treated, no operation should be performed, and no prognosis is of value without a proper consideration o... Blood Pressure And Insurance
An epitome of the consensus of opinion of the risk of accepting persons for insurance as modified by the blood pressure is presented by Quackenbos. [Footnote: Quackenbos: New York Med. Jour., May 15, 1915, p. 999.] Some companies have ruled that at ... Blood Pressure In Children
May Michael, [Footnote: Michael, May: A Study of Blood Pressure in Normal Children, Am. Jour. Dis. Child., April, 1911, p. 272.] after a study of the blood pressure in 350 children, came to the conclusion that the blood pressure in children increase... Bradycardia
The first decision to be made is what constitutes a slow pulse or slow heart. A pulse below 58 or 60 beats per minute should be considered slow, and anything below 50 should be considered abnormally slow and a condition more or less suspicious. A pu... Bradycardia Symptoms
If a person has been long accustomed to a slow-acting heart, there are no symptoms. If the heart has become slowed from disease or from any acute condition, the patient is likely to feel more or less faint, perhaps have some dizzines, and often head...