Cardiovascular Renal Disease Arrhythmia
Categories: UncategorizedSources: Disturbances Of The Heart
While this terns really signifies irregularity and intermittence of
the heart, it may also be broadly used to indicate a pulse which is
abnormally slow or one which is abnormally fast, a rhythm which is
trot correct for the age, condition and activity of the patient.
Irregularity in the pulse beat as to volume, force and pressure,
except such variation in the pulse wave as caused by respiration, is
always abnormal. Whi
it may be caused in certain persons by a condition which does not in
the least interfere with their health and well-being.
As to whether a slow or a more or less (but not excessively) rapid
pulse in any one is abnormal depends entirely on whether that speed
is normal or abnormal for that person. As a general rule the heart
is more rapid in women than in men. It is always more rapid in
children than in adults, and generally diminishes in frequence after
the age of 60, unless there is cardiac weakness or some cardiac
muscle degeneration. The average frequence of the pulse in an adult
who is at rest is 72 beats per minute, but a frequency of 80 is not
abnormal, and a frequency of 65 in men is common; 60 is infrequent
in men but normal, while up to 90 is not abnormal, especially in
women, at the time the pulse is being counted.' It should always be
considered that in the majority of patients the pulse is slightly
increased while the physician is noting its rapidity. Anything over
90 should always be considered rapid, unless the patient is very
nervous and this rapidity is considered accidental. Anything below
60 is abnormally slow. In children under 10 or 12 years of age,
anything below 80 is unusual, and up to 100 is perfectly normal, at
least at such time as the pulse is counted and the patient is awake.
Referring to the first chapter of this book, it will be noted that
many physiologic factors must enter into the production of the
normal regularity of the pulse. The stimulus must regularly begin in
the auricle, must be perfectly transmitted through the bundle of His
to the ventricles, the ventricles must normally contract with the
normal and regular force, the valves must close normally and at the
proper time, the blood pressure in the aorta must be normally
constant to insure the perfect transmission of the blood to the
peripheral arteries and to insure the normal circulation through the
coronary arteries, and the arterioles must be normally elastic. The
nervous inhibitory control through the vagi must also be normal, and
there must be no abnormal reflexes of any part of the body to
interfere with the normal vagus control of the heart.
While the heart beats from an inherent musculonervous mechanism,
nervous interference easily upsets its normal regularity. It may be
seriously slowed by nervous shock, fear or sudden peripheral
contractions, spasm of muscles, or convulsive contractions, or it
may be stimulated to greater rapidity by nervous excitement. It may
be slowed or made rapid by reflex irritations, and it may be
seriously interfered with by cerebral lesions; pressure on the vagus
centers in the medulla oblongata will make it very slow. Various
kinds of poisons circulating in the blood, both depressants and
excitants, may affect the rapidity or the regularity of the heart.
Therefore, if it is decided that a given heart is abnormally slow or
abnormally rapid or is decidedly irregular or intermittent, the
various causes for such interference with its normal activity must
be investigated and admitted or excluded as causative factors.
Many investigations of the rhythm of children's pulses have been
made, and some of the later investigations seem to show that not
more than 40 percent are regular, the remaining 60 percent varying
from mild irregularity to extreme irregularity.
Scientifically to determine the exact character of a pulse which is
discovered by the finger on the radial artery and the stethoscope on
the heart to be irregular, tracings of one or more arteries, veins
and the heart should be taken. Two synchronous tracings are more
accurate than one, and three of more value than two in interpreting
the exact activity and regularity of the heart.
More
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Bradycardia Symptoms
If a person has been long accustomed to a slow-acting heart, there are no symptoms. If the heart has become slowed from disease or from any acute condition, the patient is likely to feel more or less faint, perhaps have some dizzines, and often head... Brain Impressions
THE mere idea of a brain clear from false impressions gives a sense of freedom which is refreshing. In a comic journal, some years ago, there was a picture of a man in a most self-important attitude, with two common mortals in the background gazi... Breast Cancer
I have worked with many young women with breast cancer; so many in fact, that their faces and cases tend to blur. But whenever I think about them, Kelly inevitably comes to mind because we became such good friends. Like me, Kelly was an independent-... Bromids And Chloral
If there is much restlessness and the circulation is good, that is, if myocarditis is probably not present, the bromids may be of great value, especially in children. The dose should be sufficient to quiet the nervous system. The drug may be discont... Bronchial Aspiration
As mentioned above, bronchial aspiration is often necessary. When the patient is unable to get up secretions, he will, as demonstrated by the author many years ago, drown in his own secretions. In some cases bronchoscopic aspiration is required (Pe... Bronchial Dilators
It is not uncommon to find a stricture of the bronchus superjacent to a foreign body that has been in situ for a period of months. In order to remove the foreign body, this stricture must be dilated, and for this the bronchial dilator shown in Fig. ... Bronchial Stenosis
Stenosis of one or more bronchi results at times from cicatricial contraction following secondary infection of leutic, tuberculous or traumatic lesions. The narrowing resulting from foreign body traumatism rarely requires secondary dilatation after ... Bronchiectasis
In most cases of bronchiectasis there are strong indications for a bronchoscopic diagnosis, to eliminate such conditions as foreign body, cicatricial bronchial stenosis, or endobronchial neoplasm as etiologic factors. In the idiopathic types consid... Bronchoscopes
The regular bronchoscope is a hollow brass tube slanted at its distal end, and having a handle at its proximal or ocular extremity. An auxiliary canal on its under surface contains the light carrier, the electric bulb of which is situated in a reces... Bronchoscopic And Esophagoscopic Grasping Forceps
are of the tubular type, that is, a stylet carrying the jaws works in a slender tube so that traction on the stylet draws the V of the open jaws into the lumen of the tube, thus causing the blades to approximate. They are very delicate and light, y... Bronchoscopic Appearances In Disease
The first look should note the color of the bronchial mucosa, due allowance being made for the pressure of tubal contact, secretions, and the engorgement incident to continued cough. The carina trachealis normally moves slowly forward as well as do... Bronchoscopic Oxygen Insufflation
Bronchoscopic oxygen insufflation is a life-saving measure equalled by no other method known to the science of medicine, in all cases of asphyxia, or apnea, present or impending. Its especial sphere of usefulness is in severe cases of electric shock... Bronchoscopy In Diseases Of The Trachea And Bronchi
The indications for bronchoscopy in disease are becoming increasingly numerous. Among the more important may be mentioned: 1. Bronchiectasis. 2. Chronic pulmonary abscess. 3. Unexplained dyspnea. 4. Dyspnea unrelieved by tracheotomy calls ... Bronchoscopy In Malignant Growths Of The Trachea
The trachea is often secondarily invaded by malignancy of the esophagus, thyroid gland, peritracheal or peribronchial glands. Primary malignant neoplasms of the trachea or bronchus have not infrequently been diagnosticated by bronchoscopy. Peritrach... Bruises Case Xiv
The first case of bruise which I shall detail was not severe, but will serve to illustrate the mode of treatment by the adherent eschar. Mr. Symons, aged 60, slipped off a chair and bruised the shin, last evening; the skin was removed to the exten... Bruises Case Xix
Robert Hill, aged 16, received a blow yesterday from a bone which was thrown at him, upon the outer condyle of the humerus. He complains of extreme pain and there are much redness and swelling. I applied the lunar caustic and directed the part to be... Bruises Case Xv
The following case was far more severe, but the mode of treatment was not less efficacious. Mr. Granger, aged 36, was exposed to a severe bruise by a great weight of stones which had been piled up, falling upon the outside of the leg; he was extr... Bruises Case Xvi
J. Jennings, bricklayer, aged 26, fell through the roof of a house and bruised and lacerated his shin rather severely to the extent of an inch and half in one part and in several other places in a less degree. I applied the lunar caustic to the woun... Bruises Case Xvii
An old man, aged 60, received a bruise upon the occiput from a fall; the skin was lacerated and removed to the extent of half-a-crown. I applied the lunar caustic soon after the accident. On the next day an adherent eschar was formed. There was ne... Bruises Case Xviii
Mrs. C. aged 40, was detained on a journey by a bruised wound on her knee, received a fortnight before, which was healing very slowly under the usual mode of treatment. The inflammation was subsiding but the sore was extremely irritable and painful,... Bruises Case Xx
It frequently occurs to surgeons to receive slight wounds upon the hands which prove very troublesome. Of this kind is the following. Mr. L.C. had an irritable and inflamed sore on the ulnar side of the third finger, occasioned by a bruise a fortn... Burns And Scalds
No matter what the nature and extent of the burn may be, the very best of all medicines of which I have any knowledge, is _Soap_. If the parts affected, are immediately immersed or enveloped in Soft Soap, the pain will be greatly lessened, and the i... Burns Case Xxxiii
A little girl, aged 10, scalded her breast a week ago and has treated it with the ordinary remedies. There remained a superficial ulceration of the size of half-a-crown. I applied the lunar caustic lightly over the surface of the sore, and then the ... Burns Case Xxxiv
Mr. C. aged 51, scalded his leg ten days ago on the instep. He applied ointments and poultices. The surface remained ulcerated to the extent of three inches in length and an inch and a half in breadth, and presented a considerable thick slough in th... Burns Case Xxxv
The following case will present a specimen of my trials of the lunar caustic in larger ulcers. Anthony Knowles, aged 44, was kicked by a horse on the leg, above the inner ankle, two years ago. The part has never healed, but still remains in the s... Burns Case Xxxvi
The last case I have to give is one of great interest, as it clearly shows the influence of the lunar caustic in subduing the inflammation surrounding ulcerations, and in promoting the healing process, even in cases of phagedenic ulcer. In such case... Butter, Margarine And Fats In General
Recently, enormous propaganda has been generated against eating butter. Its been smeared in the health magazines as a saturated animal fat, one containing that evil substance, cholesterol. Many people are now avoiding it and instead, using margarine... Cadaver Practice
The fundamental principles of peroral endoscopy are best taught on the cadaver. It is necessary that a specially prepared subject be had, in order to obtain the required degree of flexibility. Injecting fluid of the following formula worked out by ... Caffein
Caffein can irritate the heart and cause irregularity and tachycardia, especially in certain persons. In fact, some can never take a single cup of coffee without having an attack of palpitation, and many times when coffee and tea have been unsuspect... Calendula
is applied to wounds, _incised_ and _lacerated_, promoting healing by the first intention. It is a valuable application for wounds in scrofulous persons, which tend to suppurate rather than heal by the first intention. It is also useful in old sores... Cancers
Cancers take on a variety of forms, distinguished by different names; but since they all require substantially the same electrical treatment, it is unnecessary here to describe them. Begin with the A B current in pretty full volume. [The volume of... Carbuncle
This affection, though it somewhat resembles a common boil, and is by some writers considered only such, in an overgrown state, is, nevertheless, far from being identical with it. While a _boil_ is only a sanitive effort of nature to eliminate the... Cardan
JEROME CARDAN, an Italian physician, author, mathematician and philosopher, was born at Pavia, September 24, 1501. He was the illegitimate son of Facio Cardan, a man of repute among the learned in his neighborhood, from whom Jerome received instruct... Cardiac Disease In Pregnancy
It is so serious a thing for a woman with valvular lesion or other cardiac defect to become pregnant that no young woman with heart disease should be allowed to marry. Perhaps every normal heart during pregnancy hypertrophies somewhat to do the extr... Cardiac Drugs
Whether any drug should be used which acts directly on the heart is often a question for decision. As endocarditis is generally secondary to some acute disease, the patient has become weakened already, and the circulation is not sturdy; therefore su... Cardiovascular Renal Disease
With the strennousness of this era, this disease or condition, which may be regarded as one of the accompaniments of normal old age, has become of grave importance, and nowadays frequently develops in early middle life. If it is diagnosed in its i... Cardiovascular Renal Disease Arrhythmia
While this terns really signifies irregularity and intermittence of the heart, it may also be broadly used to indicate a pulse which is abnormally slow or one which is abnormally fast, a rhythm which is trot correct for the age, condition and acti... Cardiovascular Renal Disease Treatment
While it is urged, in preventing the actual development of this disease, and in slowing its progress, that it is advisable to lower a high blood pressure, we must remember that this blood pressure mad be compensatory, and many times should not be mu... Care Of Instruments
The endoscopist must either personally care for his instruments, or have an instrument nurse in his own employ, for if they are intrusted to the general operating room routine he will find that small parts will be lost; blades of forceps bent, brok... Care Of The Nails
Importance of Clean Nails. On account of their constant use, your hands are brought in contact with dusty or dirty substances in your work and in your play; and it is very easy for some of this dirt, and such germs as it may contain, to lodge in the... Cases
During an epidemic of scarlatina in 1836 two of my children were attacked by the disease, a boy of about eight, and another of five years, the younger one two days after the older one. I ordered them to be packed, and all seemed to go well, when, du... Cases Beyond The Remedy Of Fasting
Occasionally, very ill people have a liver that has become so degenerated it cannot sustain the burden of detoxification. This organ is as vital to survival as the brain, heart and lungs. We can get along with only one kidney, we can live with no sp... Catarrh Acute
If in the head, treat as prescribed for common colds in the head. If in the throat, place N. P. somewhere on the dorsal vertebrae, and treat with P. P.--tongue instrument--in the mouth about five minutes, and then with end-sponge cup externally upon... Catarrh Chronic
If in the head, first give face-bath, as in common colds, except with reversed poles and changing to the A D current, very mild force. If in the throat or bronchial tubes, place the P. P. of the A D current, with long cord, on the back of the neck o... Causes And Dangers Of Polluted Water
Wells--the Oldest Method of Supplying Water. It was long ago discovered that, by digging pits or holes in the ground, the rain water, in its steady flow toward the streams and lakes, could be caught or trapped, and that if the pit were made deep eno... Caution
After the bath, the patient is rubbed dry, and either taken to his bed, or, if he feels well enough, dressed and induced to walk about the room, or placed in a snug corner (not near the fire, however), till he feels tired and wishes to go to bed. Du... Cephalagia Headache
1. "Nervous headache." Take the B D current--moderate force. Place P. P. on back of neck, just below the brain, and manipulate with side-sponge cup, N. P., all the way down the spine and over the back. It may often be necessary to apply the P. P. ... Children
WORK for the better progress of the human race is most effective when it is done through the children; for children are future generations. The freedom in mature life gained by a training that would enable the child to avoid nervous irritants is, of... Chloride Of Lime
About the same opinion may be given on _Chloride of Lime_. As a gargle, and taken internally, the aqua-chlorina has done good service in malignant scarlatina, especially in putrid cases. ... Chlorosis Green Sickness
This is a disease mostly or entirely peculiar to young women who have not menstruated, and disappears on the establishment of the monthly periods. Take the A D current. If any symptoms exist of an effort of nature to bring on the menses, note the... Choice Of Time To Do Bronchoscopy For Foreign Body
The difficulties of removal usually increase from the time of aspiration of the object. It tends to work downward and outward, while the mucosa becomes edematous, partly closing over the foreign body, and even completely obliterating the lumen of sm... Cholera Malignant
As in cholera morbus, keep the patient on his back, still as can be. Use A D current, full medium strength. In the early stage, or during the "rice-water" discharges, and down to the time of collapse, treat the abdomen and thorax with P. P., havin... Cholera Morbus
Keep the patient still as possible on his back. Use A D current, strong force. Place N. P., long cord, at coccyx, and treat with P. P. over abdomen, five to ten minutes, and repeat, if necessary, in thirty to sixty minutes. If there be cramps, touch... Cholera Morbus
This disease generally comes on at night, in hot weather, and is, in many cases, induced by over eating while the patient is suffering from diarrhoea and a deranged state of the liver. It is essentially of a bilious character. It sets in with great ... Chronic Back Pain
Barry was a carpenter who couldn't afford to lose work because he was unable to bend or twist or lift. He frequently had bouts of severe back pain that made working almost impossible. Upon analysis by biokinesiology I found that he had a major probl... Chronic Diarrhea
Take A D current, of very mild force. Place P. P. at the feet, and treat with N. P. over the lower limbs briefly; then over the bowels and stomach, both front and rear, some three to five minutes; then pass up with N. P. over the anterior parts of t... Chronic Endocarditis
It is not easy to decide just whew all acute endocarditis has entirely subsided and a chronic, slow-going inflammation is substituted. It would perhaps be better to consider a slow-going inflammatory process subsequent to acute endocarditis as a sub... Chronic Esophagitis
This is usually a result of stagnation of food or secretion, and will be considered under spasmodic stenosis and diffuse dilatation of the esophagus. A very marked case with local distress and pain extending through to the back was seen by the au... Chronic Myocarditis Fibrous
Chronic myocarditis may develop on an acute myocarditis, but is generally a slowly progressive chronic process from the beginning; it occurs mostly in persons past middle life, and as a rule is not primarily associated with rheumatism or valvular di... Chronic Stenosis Of The Larynx And Trachea
The various forms of laryngeal stenosis for which tracheotomy or intubation has been performed, and the difficulties encountered in restoring the natural breathing, may be classified into the following types: 1. Panic 2. Spasmodic 3. Paraly... Cicatricial Stenosis Of The Esophagus
Etiology.--The accidental swallowing of caustic alkali in solutions of lye or proprietary washing and cleansing powders, is the most frequent cause of cicatricial stenosis. Commercial lye preparations are about 95 per cent sodium hydroxide. The clea... Classification Of Cardiac Disturbances
For the sake of discussing the therapy of cardiac disturbances in a logical sequence, they may be classified as follows: Pericarditis Acute Adherent Myocarditis Acute Chronic Fatty Endocarditis Acute, sim... Clinical Interpretation Of Pulse Tracings
A moment may be spent on clinical interpretation of pulse tracings. It has recently been shown that the permanently irregular pulse is due to fibrillary contraction, or really auricular fibrillation--in other words, irregular stimuli proceeding from... Clothing
Clothes should be Loose and Comfortable. Man is the only animal that has no natural suit of clothing. Birds have feathers, and animals have fur, or hair, which they shed in summer and thicken up in winter without even thinking about it, so that they... Cold Affusions And Rubbing
After the pack, the patient is placed in an empty bathing or wash-tub, and cold water (of 65 deg.-60 deg. Fahr., only with very young and delicate children a little higher, with adults rather lower) is thrown over him in quick succession by means of... Colds Consumption And Pneumonia
Disease Germs. In all foul air there are scores of different kinds of germs--many of them comparatively harmless, like the yeasts, the moulds, the germs that sour milk, and the bacteria that cause dead plants and animals to decay. But among them the... Colic
The symptoms of this are cramping pains in the abdomen, without fever or looseness of the bowels. The colic sometimes occurs after the cessation of a diarrhoea that had been induced by severe cathartics. The pains are cutting and straining, drawing ... Colic Of Whatever Kind
Use A D current, pretty strong force. In severe cases, introduce the rectum instrument N. P., long cord, or in mild cases, place sponge-roll N. P., long cord, at coccyx, and treat with P. P. over all the abdomen, three to five minutes. It may be rep... Common Colds
Take the B D Faradaic current--moderate strength. If the affection be mainly in the head, give, 1st. A face bath. Let an earthen wash-basin, nearly filled with tepid water, be placed on a table or chair before the patient, he holding the sponge-r... Common Cramp
Although either the positive or the negative pole, applied to the healthy muscle, may produce spasmodic contraction, yet the negative pole contracts much more powerfully than the positive--a fact which shows an electrically plus condition in the ner... Complete Recovery Of The Seriously Ill
Its a virtual certainty that to fully recover, a seriously ill person will have to significantly rebuild numerous organs. They have a hard choice: to accept a life of misery, one that the medical doctors with drugs and surgery may be able to prolong... Complications And After-effects Of Bronchoscopy
All foreign body cases should be watched day and night by special nurses until all danger of complications is passed. Complications are rare after careful work, but if they do occur, they may require immediate attention. This applies especially to t...