Cadaver Practice
Categories: ACQUIRING SKILLSources: A Manual Of Peroral Endoscopy And Laryngeal Surgery
The fundamental principles of peroral
endoscopy are best taught on the cadaver. It is necessary that a
specially prepared subject be had, in order to obtain the required
degree of flexibility. Injecting fluid of the following formula worked
out by Prof. J. Parsons Schaeffer for the Bronchoscopic Clinic
courses, has proved very satisfactory:
Sodium carbonate--1 1/2 lbs.
White arsenic--2 1/2 lbs.
<
Water--5 gal.
Boil until arsenic is dissolved. When cold add:
Carbolic acid 1500 c.c.
Glycerin 1250 c.c.
Alcohol (95%) 1250 c.c.
For each body use about 3 gal. of fluid.
The method of introduction of the endoscopic tube, and its various
positions can be demonstrated and repeatedly practiced on the cadaver
until a perfected technic is developed in both the operator and
assistant who holds the head, and the one who passes the instruments
to the operator. In no other manner can the landmarks and endoscopic
anatomy be studied so thoroughly and practically, and in no other way
can the pupil be taught to avoid killing his patient. The
danger-points in esophagoscopy are not demonstrable on the living
without actually incurring mortality. Laryngeal growths may be
simulated, foreign body problems created and their mechanical
difficulties solved and practice work with the forceps and tube
perfected.
More
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Bromids And Chloral
If there is much restlessness and the circulation is good, that is, if myocarditis is probably not present, the bromids may be of great value, especially in children. The dose should be sufficient to quiet the nervous system. The drug may be discont... Bronchial Aspiration
As mentioned above, bronchial aspiration is often necessary. When the patient is unable to get up secretions, he will, as demonstrated by the author many years ago, drown in his own secretions. In some cases bronchoscopic aspiration is required (Pe... Bronchial Dilators
It is not uncommon to find a stricture of the bronchus superjacent to a foreign body that has been in situ for a period of months. In order to remove the foreign body, this stricture must be dilated, and for this the bronchial dilator shown in Fig. ... Bronchial Stenosis
Stenosis of one or more bronchi results at times from cicatricial contraction following secondary infection of leutic, tuberculous or traumatic lesions. The narrowing resulting from foreign body traumatism rarely requires secondary dilatation after ... Bronchiectasis
In most cases of bronchiectasis there are strong indications for a bronchoscopic diagnosis, to eliminate such conditions as foreign body, cicatricial bronchial stenosis, or endobronchial neoplasm as etiologic factors. In the idiopathic types consid... Bronchoscopes
The regular bronchoscope is a hollow brass tube slanted at its distal end, and having a handle at its proximal or ocular extremity. An auxiliary canal on its under surface contains the light carrier, the electric bulb of which is situated in a reces... Bronchoscopic And Esophagoscopic Grasping Forceps
are of the tubular type, that is, a stylet carrying the jaws works in a slender tube so that traction on the stylet draws the V of the open jaws into the lumen of the tube, thus causing the blades to approximate. They are very delicate and light, y... Bronchoscopic Appearances In Disease
The first look should note the color of the bronchial mucosa, due allowance being made for the pressure of tubal contact, secretions, and the engorgement incident to continued cough. The carina trachealis normally moves slowly forward as well as do... Bronchoscopic Oxygen Insufflation
Bronchoscopic oxygen insufflation is a life-saving measure equalled by no other method known to the science of medicine, in all cases of asphyxia, or apnea, present or impending. Its especial sphere of usefulness is in severe cases of electric shock... Bronchoscopy In Diseases Of The Trachea And Bronchi
The indications for bronchoscopy in disease are becoming increasingly numerous. Among the more important may be mentioned: 1. Bronchiectasis. 2. Chronic pulmonary abscess. 3. Unexplained dyspnea. 4. Dyspnea unrelieved by tracheotomy calls ... Bronchoscopy In Malignant Growths Of The Trachea
The trachea is often secondarily invaded by malignancy of the esophagus, thyroid gland, peritracheal or peribronchial glands. Primary malignant neoplasms of the trachea or bronchus have not infrequently been diagnosticated by bronchoscopy. Peritrach... Bruises Case Xiv
The first case of bruise which I shall detail was not severe, but will serve to illustrate the mode of treatment by the adherent eschar. Mr. Symons, aged 60, slipped off a chair and bruised the shin, last evening; the skin was removed to the exten... Bruises Case Xix
Robert Hill, aged 16, received a blow yesterday from a bone which was thrown at him, upon the outer condyle of the humerus. He complains of extreme pain and there are much redness and swelling. I applied the lunar caustic and directed the part to be... Bruises Case Xv
The following case was far more severe, but the mode of treatment was not less efficacious. Mr. Granger, aged 36, was exposed to a severe bruise by a great weight of stones which had been piled up, falling upon the outside of the leg; he was extr... Bruises Case Xvi
J. Jennings, bricklayer, aged 26, fell through the roof of a house and bruised and lacerated his shin rather severely to the extent of an inch and half in one part and in several other places in a less degree. I applied the lunar caustic to the woun... Bruises Case Xvii
An old man, aged 60, received a bruise upon the occiput from a fall; the skin was lacerated and removed to the extent of half-a-crown. I applied the lunar caustic soon after the accident. On the next day an adherent eschar was formed. There was ne... Bruises Case Xviii
Mrs. C. aged 40, was detained on a journey by a bruised wound on her knee, received a fortnight before, which was healing very slowly under the usual mode of treatment. The inflammation was subsiding but the sore was extremely irritable and painful,... Bruises Case Xx
It frequently occurs to surgeons to receive slight wounds upon the hands which prove very troublesome. Of this kind is the following. Mr. L.C. had an irritable and inflamed sore on the ulnar side of the third finger, occasioned by a bruise a fortn... Burns And Scalds
No matter what the nature and extent of the burn may be, the very best of all medicines of which I have any knowledge, is _Soap_. If the parts affected, are immediately immersed or enveloped in Soft Soap, the pain will be greatly lessened, and the i... Burns Case Xxxiii
A little girl, aged 10, scalded her breast a week ago and has treated it with the ordinary remedies. There remained a superficial ulceration of the size of half-a-crown. I applied the lunar caustic lightly over the surface of the sore, and then the ... Burns Case Xxxiv
Mr. C. aged 51, scalded his leg ten days ago on the instep. He applied ointments and poultices. The surface remained ulcerated to the extent of three inches in length and an inch and a half in breadth, and presented a considerable thick slough in th... Burns Case Xxxv
The following case will present a specimen of my trials of the lunar caustic in larger ulcers. Anthony Knowles, aged 44, was kicked by a horse on the leg, above the inner ankle, two years ago. The part has never healed, but still remains in the s... Burns Case Xxxvi
The last case I have to give is one of great interest, as it clearly shows the influence of the lunar caustic in subduing the inflammation surrounding ulcerations, and in promoting the healing process, even in cases of phagedenic ulcer. In such case... Butter, Margarine And Fats In General
Recently, enormous propaganda has been generated against eating butter. Its been smeared in the health magazines as a saturated animal fat, one containing that evil substance, cholesterol. Many people are now avoiding it and instead, using margarine... Cadaver Practice
The fundamental principles of peroral endoscopy are best taught on the cadaver. It is necessary that a specially prepared subject be had, in order to obtain the required degree of flexibility. Injecting fluid of the following formula worked out by ... Caffein
Caffein can irritate the heart and cause irregularity and tachycardia, especially in certain persons. In fact, some can never take a single cup of coffee without having an attack of palpitation, and many times when coffee and tea have been unsuspect... Calendula
is applied to wounds, _incised_ and _lacerated_, promoting healing by the first intention. It is a valuable application for wounds in scrofulous persons, which tend to suppurate rather than heal by the first intention. It is also useful in old sores... Cancers
Cancers take on a variety of forms, distinguished by different names; but since they all require substantially the same electrical treatment, it is unnecessary here to describe them. Begin with the A B current in pretty full volume. [The volume of... Carbuncle
This affection, though it somewhat resembles a common boil, and is by some writers considered only such, in an overgrown state, is, nevertheless, far from being identical with it. While a _boil_ is only a sanitive effort of nature to eliminate the... Cardan
JEROME CARDAN, an Italian physician, author, mathematician and philosopher, was born at Pavia, September 24, 1501. He was the illegitimate son of Facio Cardan, a man of repute among the learned in his neighborhood, from whom Jerome received instruct... Cardiac Disease In Pregnancy
It is so serious a thing for a woman with valvular lesion or other cardiac defect to become pregnant that no young woman with heart disease should be allowed to marry. Perhaps every normal heart during pregnancy hypertrophies somewhat to do the extr... Cardiac Drugs
Whether any drug should be used which acts directly on the heart is often a question for decision. As endocarditis is generally secondary to some acute disease, the patient has become weakened already, and the circulation is not sturdy; therefore su... Cardiovascular Renal Disease
With the strennousness of this era, this disease or condition, which may be regarded as one of the accompaniments of normal old age, has become of grave importance, and nowadays frequently develops in early middle life. If it is diagnosed in its i... Cardiovascular Renal Disease Arrhythmia
While this terns really signifies irregularity and intermittence of the heart, it may also be broadly used to indicate a pulse which is abnormally slow or one which is abnormally fast, a rhythm which is trot correct for the age, condition and acti... Cardiovascular Renal Disease Treatment
While it is urged, in preventing the actual development of this disease, and in slowing its progress, that it is advisable to lower a high blood pressure, we must remember that this blood pressure mad be compensatory, and many times should not be mu... Care Of Instruments
The endoscopist must either personally care for his instruments, or have an instrument nurse in his own employ, for if they are intrusted to the general operating room routine he will find that small parts will be lost; blades of forceps bent, brok... Care Of The Nails
Importance of Clean Nails. On account of their constant use, your hands are brought in contact with dusty or dirty substances in your work and in your play; and it is very easy for some of this dirt, and such germs as it may contain, to lodge in the... Cases
During an epidemic of scarlatina in 1836 two of my children were attacked by the disease, a boy of about eight, and another of five years, the younger one two days after the older one. I ordered them to be packed, and all seemed to go well, when, du... Cases Beyond The Remedy Of Fasting
Occasionally, very ill people have a liver that has become so degenerated it cannot sustain the burden of detoxification. This organ is as vital to survival as the brain, heart and lungs. We can get along with only one kidney, we can live with no sp... Catarrh Acute
If in the head, treat as prescribed for common colds in the head. If in the throat, place N. P. somewhere on the dorsal vertebrae, and treat with P. P.--tongue instrument--in the mouth about five minutes, and then with end-sponge cup externally upon... Catarrh Chronic
If in the head, first give face-bath, as in common colds, except with reversed poles and changing to the A D current, very mild force. If in the throat or bronchial tubes, place the P. P. of the A D current, with long cord, on the back of the neck o... Causes And Dangers Of Polluted Water
Wells--the Oldest Method of Supplying Water. It was long ago discovered that, by digging pits or holes in the ground, the rain water, in its steady flow toward the streams and lakes, could be caught or trapped, and that if the pit were made deep eno... Caution
After the bath, the patient is rubbed dry, and either taken to his bed, or, if he feels well enough, dressed and induced to walk about the room, or placed in a snug corner (not near the fire, however), till he feels tired and wishes to go to bed. Du... Cephalagia Headache
1. "Nervous headache." Take the B D current--moderate force. Place P. P. on back of neck, just below the brain, and manipulate with side-sponge cup, N. P., all the way down the spine and over the back. It may often be necessary to apply the P. P. ... Children
WORK for the better progress of the human race is most effective when it is done through the children; for children are future generations. The freedom in mature life gained by a training that would enable the child to avoid nervous irritants is, of... Chloride Of Lime
About the same opinion may be given on _Chloride of Lime_. As a gargle, and taken internally, the aqua-chlorina has done good service in malignant scarlatina, especially in putrid cases. ... Chlorosis Green Sickness
This is a disease mostly or entirely peculiar to young women who have not menstruated, and disappears on the establishment of the monthly periods. Take the A D current. If any symptoms exist of an effort of nature to bring on the menses, note the... Choice Of Time To Do Bronchoscopy For Foreign Body
The difficulties of removal usually increase from the time of aspiration of the object. It tends to work downward and outward, while the mucosa becomes edematous, partly closing over the foreign body, and even completely obliterating the lumen of sm...