Disorders Of Muscles And Bones
Categories: OUR TELEPHONE EXCHANGE AND ITS CABLESSources: A Handbook Of Health
The Muscles and Bones Have Few Diseases. Considering how complex it
is, and the never-ceasing strain upon it, this moving apparatus of ours,
the nerve-bone-muscle-machine, is surprisingly free from disease. The
muscles, though they form nearly half our bulk, have scarcely a single
disease peculiar to them, or chiefly beginning in them, unless fatigue
and its consequences might be so regarded. They may become weakened and
loss of sleep; but most of their disturbances are due to poisons which
have got into the blood pumped through them, or to paralysis or other
injuries to the nerves that supply them.
The muscles of an arm, for instance, which has been lashed to a splint,
or shut tightly in a cast for a long time, waste away and shrink until
the arm becomes, as we say, just skin and bone; and the same thing
will happen if the nerve supplying a muscle, or a limb, is cut or
paralyzed.
The bones have more diseases than the muscles, but really comparatively
few, considering their great number and size, and the constant strain to
which they are subjected in supporting the body, and driving it forward
and doing its work under the handling and leverage of the muscles. Most
of their diseases are, like those of the muscles, the after-effects of
general diseases, particularly the infections and fevers, which begin
elsewhere in the body; and the best treatment of such bone diseases is
the cure and removal of the disease that caused them.
Repair of Broken Bones. If bones are broken by a fall, or blow, they
display a remarkable power of repair. The skin covering them
(periosteum) pours out a quantity of living lime-cement, or
animal-mortar, around the two broken ends, which solders them together,
much as a plumber will make a joint between the ends of two pipes. This
repair substance is called callus. The most remarkable thing about the
process is that, when it has held the two broken ends together long
enough for them to knit firmly--that is, to connect their blood
vessels and marrow cavities properly--this handful of lime-cement, which
has piled up around the break, gradually melts away and disappears; so
that, if the ends of the bone have been brought accurately together, you
can hardly tell where the break was, except by a slight ridge or
thickening.
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Destruction Of The Organ Of Hearing
When the glands pass into a sloughing state, the parts connected with them are frequently damaged. Thus the ulceration of the parotid gland often causes deafness, by the gangrenous matter communicating to the eustachian tube and the inner ear, where... Deviation Of The Esophagus
Deviation of the esophagus may be marked in the presence of a deformed vertebral column, though dysphagia is a very uncommon symptom. The lack of esophageal symptoms in deviation of spinal production is probably explained by the longitudinal shorten... Diabetes A Kidney Disease
This disease occurs in two forms--diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus. In the first named form, the disease is readily cured. In the latter, it is very formidable, and is rarely, if ever, cured by medicines; especially when of long standing. In... Diagnosis
If a more malignant form of endocarditis develops on a mild endocarditis, the diagnosis is generally not difficult. If, without a definite known septic process, malignant endocarditis develops, localized symptoms of heart disturbance and cardiac sig... Diagnosis
The swallowing function can be studied only with the fluoroscope; esophagoscopy for diagnosis, should therefore always be preceded by a fluoroscopic study of deglutition with a barium or other opaque mixture and examination of the thoracic organs to... Diagnosis
It has been estimated that 70 per cent of stenoses of the esophagus in adults are malignant in nature. This should stimulate the early and careful investigation of every case of dysphagia. When all cases of persistent dysphagia, however slight, are ... Diagnosis
After what has been said about the symptoms of scarlatina, it cannot be difficult to distinguish it from similar eruptive diseases. However, as there is much resemblance between _scarlatina_ and _measles_, at least in the milder form of the former, ... Diagnosis From Measles
In scarlatina the heat is much greater, and the pulse is much quicker than in measles.--In scarlatina the throat is inflamed, usually the brain affected, and the patient smells like salt-fish, old cheese or the cages of a menagerie; in measles, the ... Diagnosis Of Foreign Body In The Air Or Food Passages
The questions arising are: I. Is a foreign body present? 2. Where is it located? 3. Is a peroral endoscopic procedure indicated? 4. Are there any contraindications to endoscopy? In order to answer these questions the definite routine giv... Diarrhoea
This disease consists in a looseness of the bowels, generally accompanied with pain in the abdomen, more or less severe. It sometimes occurs without pain, but is _then_ attended with a sense of weakness, and a general feeling of uneasiness. It preva... Diet
As intimated in the preceding paragraph, the diet during endocarditis must be carefully regulated. It must be sufficient, and appropriate for the disease in which the complication occurs, but it must be in such dosage and administered with such freq... Diet
The diet of the sick should he nutricious, but at all times simple, free from greasy substances, and from all stimulating condiments whatsoever, as well as from vinegar, or food in which vinegar is used. In short, let the food be nutritious, easil... Diet
I have little to say with regard to _diet_, at least to physicians. During great heat and high fever, the patient should eat little or nothing; but he should drink a good deal. Substantial food must be avoided entirely. When the fever abates, he can... Diet And Baths In Heart Disease
The diet in cardiac diseases has already incidentally been referred to. The decision as to what a patient ought to eat or drink must often be modified by just what the patient will do, and, as we all know, it is absolutely necessary to make some c... Diet For A Healthy Person
I doubt that it is possible to be totally healthy in the twentieth century. Doctors Alsleben and Shute in their book How to Survive the New Health Catastrophes state that in-depth laboratory testing of the population at large demonstrated four unive... Diet For A Long, Long Life
Some people not only want to be healthy, but they want to live in good health long past the normal life span projected by statistical tables for Homo Sapiens. Dr. Roy Walford, a well-respected medical research gerontologist who has been actively stu... Diet For The Acutely Ill
The acutely ill person experiences occasional attacks of distressing symptoms, usually after indiscretions in living or emotional upsets. They have a cold, or a flu, or sinusitis, or a first bout of pneumonia, or a spring allergy attack. The intense... Diet For The Chronically Ill
The chronically ill person has a long-term degenerative condition that is not immediately life threatening. This condition usually causes more-or-less continuous symptoms that are painful, perhaps unsightly, and ultimately will be disabling or eve... Diet Is Not Enough
Those isolated, long-lived peoples discovered by Weston A. Price had to do hard physical labor to eat, had to walk briskly up and down steep terrain to get anywhere. But today, few North Americans output very much physical energy in process of daily... Diets To Heal The Critically Ill
A critically ill person is someone who could expire at any moment; therapeutic interventions are racing against death. Can the body repair itself enough before some essential function ceases altogether? If there already exists too much damage to vit... Differential Diagnosis Of Laryngeal Growths In The Larynx Of Adults
Determination of the nature of the lesion in these cases usually consists in the diagnosis by exclusion of the possibilities, namely, 1. Lues. 2. Tuberculosis, including lupus. 3. Scleroma. 4. Malignant neoplasm. In the Bronchoscopic C... Differential Diagnosis Of Ulcer Of The Esophagus
Simple ulcer requires the exclusion of lues, tuberculosis, epithelioma, endothelioma, sarcoma, and actinomycosis. Simple ulcer of the esophagus is usually associated with stenosis, spastic or organic. Luetic ulcers commonly show a surrounding infl... Difficulties In The Introduction Of The Bronchoscope
The beginner may enter the esophagus instead of the trachea: this might be a dangerous accident in a dyspneic case, for the tube could, by pressure on the trachea, cause respiratory arrest. A bronchoscope thus misplaced should be resterilized befor... Difficulties Of Direct Laryngoscopy
The larynx can be directly exposed in any patient whose mouth can be opened, although the ease varies greatly with the type of patient. Failure to expose the epiglottis is usually due to too great haste to enter the speculum all the way down. The s... Difficulties Of Esophagoscopy
The beginner may find the esophagoscope seemingly rigidly fixed, so that it can be neither introduced nor withdrawn. This usually results from a wedging of the tube in the dental angle, and is overcome by a wider opening of the jaws, or perhaps by ... Diffuse Dilatation Of The Esophagus
This is practically always due to stagnation ectasia, which is invariably associated with either organic or spasmodic stricture, existing at the time of observation or at some time prior thereto. The dilating effect of the repeatedly accumulated foo... Dimensions Of The Trachea And Bronchi
It will be noted that the bronchi divide monopodially, not dichotomously. While the lumina of the individual bronchi diminish as the bronchi divide, the sum of the areas shows a progressive increase in total tubular area of cross-section. Thus, the... Diphtheria
Chronic postdiphtheritic stenosis may be of the panic, spasmodic or, rarely, the paralytic types; but more often it is of either the hypertrophic or cicatricial forms. Only too frequently the stenosis should be called posttracheotomic rather than p... Diphtheria
Use the A D current, strong force. Place the N. P., long cord, upon the lower cervical vertebrae, and then treat, first, with the tongue instrument, P. P., in the mouth, as far back on the tongue as can be borne, three to five minutes. Next, manipul... Direct Laryngoscopy Adult Patient
Before starting, every detail in regard to instrumental equipment and operating room assistants, (including an assistant to hold the arms and legs of the patient) must be complete. Preparation of the patient and the technic of local anesthesia have... Direct Laryngoscopy In Children
The epiglottis in children is usually strongly curled, often omega shaped, and is very elusive and slippery. The larynx of a child is very freely movable in the neck during respiration and deglutition, and has a strong tendency to retreat downward ... Direct Laryngoscopy In Diseases Of The Larynx
The diagnosis of laryngeal disease in young children, impossible with the mirror, has been made easy and precise by the development of direct laryngoscopy. No anesthetic, local or general, should be used, for the practised endoscopist can complete t... Direction Of The Esophagus
The esophagus enters the chest in a decidedly backward as well as downward direction, parallel to that of the trachea, following the curves of the cervical and upper dorsal spine. Below the left bronchus the esophagus turns forward, passing through... Diseases And Disturbances Of The Skin
Their Chief Causes. Skin troubles are of two main kinds according to their cause: internal, due to the irritation of waste-poisons, or toxins, in the blood; and external, from direct injury or irritation of the skin from without. The latter are o... Diseases Of The Esophagus
The more frequent causes of the one common symptom of esophageal disease, dysphagia, are included in the list given below. To avoid elaboration and to obtain maximum usefulness as a reminder, overlapping has not been eliminated. 1. Anomalies. ... Disorders Of Muscles And Bones
The Muscles and Bones Have Few Diseases. Considering how complex it is, and the never-ceasing strain upon it, this moving apparatus of ours, the nerve-bone-muscle-machine, is surprisingly free from disease. The muscles, though they form nearly half ... Distinctive Use Of Each Pole
I have said that every disease is preternaturally either positive or negative. I have further said, that the application of either pole to a given part produces an effect the opposite of what would be produced in the same part by a reversal of the p... Disturbances Of The Heart In General
Of prime importance in the treatment of diseases of the heart is a determination of the exact, or at least approximately exact, condition of its structures and a determination of its ability to work. This is not the place to describe its anatom... Diverticulum Of The Esophagus
Diverticula may, and usually do, consist in a pouching by herniation, of the whole thickness of the esophageal wall; or they may be herniations of the mucosa between the muscular layers. They are classified according to their etiology, as traction a... Division Of The Process Of The Disease Into Periods
Its course is commonly divided into four distinct periods, viz.: the period of incubation, the period of eruption, the period of efflorescence, and the period of desquamation; to which may be added: the period of convalescence. ... Do Not Hurry
HOW can any one do anything well while in a constant state of rush? How can any one see anything clearly while in a constant state of rush? How can any one expect to keep healthy and strong while in a constant state of rush? But most of m... Don't Talk
THERE is more nervous energy wasted, more nervous strain generated, more real physical harm done by superfluous talking than any one knows, or than any one could possibly believe who had not studied it. I am not considering the harm done by ... Dr Jerome Kidder's Electro-magnetic Machine
On opening the machine-box, as it comes from the manufacturer, there will be found a glass bottle, intended to hold the battery fluid when not in use; a glass cup or jar, to serve as the battery cell; a pair of insulated metallic conducting cords; t... Dripping Sheet Substitute For The Half-bath
To apply the _dripping sheet_, a tin bathing hat or a large wash-tub is placed near the patient's bed, and a pail of water on the brim of the hat, or close by the tub. Dip a linen sheet into it, and leave it there till you wish to take the patient o... Dropsy
Use the A D current, moderate force. Give general tonic treatment; then place P. P. with the feet, in a vessel of warm water, or place the sponge-roll P. P. at the soles of the feet, and treat the affected parts a few minutes with N. P., to quicken ... Drugs In Hypertension
The drugs that are mostly used to lower blood pressure are nitrites or drugs which are like nitrites, and these are nitroglycerin, sodium nitrite, erythroltetra nitrate and amyl nitrite, and the frequency of their use is in the order named. Other dr... During And After Desquamation The Treatment Should Be Continued As
indicated in milder cases, except the throat continue troublesome, when more packs should be used. If the throat is well, the patient may leave his room by the sixteenth day, under the precautions given above. ... Dysentery
Treat exactly as in acute diarrh[oe]a, except that P. P. should be moved more over the colon and rectum than in diarrh[oe]a. ... Dysentery
This disease is caused by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon and rectum, (the large intestine) generally confined to the lower part of the bowel. It is always painful. There is griping and straining in the lower part of the abdomen, an... Dysmenorrhea Painful Menstruation
If the disease be occasioned by uterine displacement, obstructing the os uteri, the organ must be restored to its normal position. This can best be done by mechanical action. But it is most commonly occasioned by irritation of the mucus membrane lin... Dysmenorrhoea - Painful Menstruation
For this disorder, I know of no one remedy so valuable as the _Caulophyllin_, but _Pulsatilla_ in many cases is efficacious, and as they do not prevent each other's action, I prescribe them in alternation, giving a dose every half hour, for a short ... Dyspepsia
This is one of the most difficult of diseases to control by any of the ordinary modes of medical practice; and yet, under judicious electrical treatment, it is one of the surest to yield. The disease assumes various phases in different persons, and ... Dyspepsia
This term is applied so loosely and so indiscriminately to all chronic derangements of the stomach, that it is difficult to define it. I shall therefore point out some of the more common ailments of the stomach and their proper remedies. For sour... Earache - Otalgia
This may arise from various causes, but a common one is sudden cold. If it arises from cold, and there is general fever, or if the ear is red, or the side of the head and ear hot, _Bell._ and _Baptisia_ should be given in alternation, every hour, or... Early Symptoms Of Irritating Foreign Body Such As A Peanut Kernel In The Bronchus
1. Initial laryngeal spasm is almost invariably present with foreign bodies of organic nature, such as nut kernels, peas, beans, maize, etc. 2. A diffuse purulent laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis develops within 24 hours in children under 2 years. ... Edematous Tracheobronchitis
This is chiefly observed in children. The most frequently encountered form is the epidemic disease to which the name Influenza has been given (q.v. supra). The only noticeable difference between the epidemic and the sporadic cases is in the more ge... Electrical Classification Of Diseases
There are two, and only two, primary classes of disease--those in which the electro-vital force is abnormally positive, and those where it is preternaturally negative. The former class comprises every variety and phase of hypersthenia, and the latte... Emergencies
5. Cardiac Emergency Drugs.--Besides some of the drugs already mentioned (such as camphor hypodermically, nitroglycerin when indicated, strophanthin hypodermically or intravenously, caffein and strychnin), often ergot, suprarenal vasopressor princip... Emergency Tracheotomy
Stabbing of the cricothyroid membrane, or an attempted stabbing of the trachea, so long taught as an emergency tracheotomy, is a mistake. The author's two stage, finger guided method is safer, quicker, more efficient, and not likely to be followed ... Endocarditis
It should be understood that especially in acute conditions a positive separation of endocarditis from myocarditis is incorrect. Acute endocarditis can probably not occur without some inyocarditis, and myocarditis probably does not occur without s... Endocarditis A Secondary Affection
Mild endocarditis is rarely a primary affection, and is almost invariably secondary to one of the diseases named above. Nearly 75 percent of secondary endocarditis occurs as a complication of acute articular rheumatism and chorea, or subsequently. O... Endogastric Version
A very useful and comparatively safe method is illustrated in Figs. 94 and 95. In the execution of this maneuver the pin is seized by the spring with a rotation forceps, and thus passed along with the esophagoscope into the stomach where it is rotat... Endoscopic Operations For Laryngeal Stenosis
Web formations may be excised with sliding punch forceps, or if the web is due to contraction only, incision of the true band may allow its retraction. In some instances liberation of adhesions will favor the formation of adventitious vocal cords. ... Endoscopy In Malignant Disease Of The Larynx
The general surgical rule applying to individuals past middle life, that benign growths exposed to irritation should be removed, probably applies to the larynx as well as to any other epithelialized structure. The facility, accuracy and thoroughness... Endoscopy On The Human Being
Dog work offers but little practice in laryngoscopy. Because of the slight angle at which the dog's head joins his spine, the larynx is in a direct line with the open mouth; hence little displacement of the anterior cervical tissues is necessary. M... Enemas Versus Colonics
People frequently wonder what is the difference between a colonic and an enema. First of all enemas are a lot cheaper because you give them to yourself; an enema bag usually costs about ten dollars, is available at any large drug store, and is in... Enlargement Of Liver
Take A D current, with medium force. Place N. P., some three to five minutes, on left side, over the spleen; and then as much longer at the coccyx. Manipulate with P. P. over the liver. Treat about three times a week. If the enlargement be recent, i... Enlargement Or Ossification Of The Heart
Treat these two affections in the same way. Take the A D current, moderate force. Place N. P. at the coccyx, or alternately there and, with long cord, on the spine opposite to the heart. Manipulate with P. P. over the heart. Treat five to eight minu... Entering The Bronchi
The lip of the bronchoscope should be turned in the direction of the bronchus to be explored, and the axis of the bronchoscope should be made to correspond as nearly as possible to the axis of this bronchus. The position of the lip is designated by ... Errors To Avoid In Suspected Foreign Body Cases
1. Do not reach for the foreign body with the fingers, lest the foreign body be thereby pushed into the larynx, or the larynx be thus traumatized. 2. Do not hold up the patient by the heels, lest a tracheally lodged foreign body be dislodged an...